Indicators of Abdominal Adiposity and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness: Results from the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brazil).

BACKGROUND: Abdominal adiposity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE: To determine the magnitude of the association between abdominal adiposity, according to five different indicators, and the carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). METHODS: Data from 8,449 participants aged 35 to 74 years from the ELSA-Brazil study were used. The effect of waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), conicity index (C index), lipid accumulation product (LAP) and visceral adiposity index (VAI) on CIMT were evaluated. Data were stratified by gender and analyzed using multivariate linear and logistic regressions. A significance level of 5% was considered. RESULTS: Participants with CIMT > P75 showed a higher frequency of abdominal adiposity (men >72% and women >66%) compared to those with CIMT < P75. Abdominal adiposity was associated with the mean CIMT, mainly through WC in men (0.04; 95%CI: 0.033; 0.058). The abdominal adiposity identified by the WC, WHR, LAP, and VAI indicators in women showed an effect of 0.02 mm on the CIMT (WC: 0.025, 95%CI: 0.016, 0.035; WHR: 0.026, 95%CI: 0.016, 0.035; LAP: 0.024, 95%CI: 0.014; 0.034; VAI: 0.020, 95%CI: 0.010, 0.031). In the multiple logistic regression, the abdominal adiposity diagnosed by WC showed an important effect on the CIMT in both genders (men: OR = 1.47, 95%CI: 1.22-1.77, women: OR = 1.38; 95%CI: 1.17-1.64). CONCLUSION: Abdominal adiposity, identified through WC, WHR, LAP, and VAI, was associated with CIMT in both genders, mainly for the traditional anthropometric indicator, WC.

Indicators of Abdominal Adiposity and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness: Results from the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brazil) / Indicadores de Adiposidade Abdominal e Espessura Médio-Intimal de Carótidas: Resultados do Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto - ELSA-Brasil

Abstract Background: Abdominal adiposity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Objective: To determine the magnitude of the association between abdominal adiposity, according to five different indicators, and the carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). Methods: Data from 8,449 participants aged 35 to 74 years from the ELSA-Brazil study were used. The effect of waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), conicity index (C index), lipid accumulation product (LAP) and visceral adiposity index (VAI) on CIMT were evaluated. Data were stratified by gender and analyzed using multivariate linear and logistic regressions. A significance level of 5% was considered. Results: Participants with CIMT > P75 showed a higher frequency of abdominal adiposity (men >72% and women >66%) compared to those with CIMT < P75. Abdominal adiposity was associated with the mean CIMT, mainly through WC in men (0.04; 95%CI: 0.033; 0.058). The abdominal adiposity identified by the WC, WHR, LAP, and VAI indicators in women showed an effect of 0.02 mm on the CIMT (WC: 0.025, 95%CI: 0.016, 0.035; WHR: 0.026, 95%CI: 0.016, 0.035; LAP: 0.024, 95%CI: 0.014; 0.034; VAI: 0.020, 95%CI: 0.010, 0.031). In the multiple logistic regression, the abdominal adiposity diagnosed by WC showed an important effect on the CIMT in both genders (men: OR = 1.47, 95%CI: 1.22-1.77, women: OR = 1.38; 95%CI: 1.17-1.64). Conclusion: Abdominal adiposity, identified through WC, WHR, LAP, and VAI, was associated with CIMT in both genders, mainly for the traditional anthropometric indicator, WC.

Resumo Fundamento: A adiposidade abdominal é um fator de risco para doença cardiovascular. Objetivo: Determinar a magnitude da associação entre a adiposidade abdominal, segundo cinco diferentes indicadores, e a espessura médio-intimal de carótidas (EMI-C). Métodos: Usou-se dados de 8.449 participantes de 35 a 74 anos do ELSA-Brasil. Foi avaliado o efeito da circunferência da cintura (CC), razão cintura quadril (RCQ), índice de conicidade (Índice C), produto da acumulação lipídica (LAP) e índice de adiposidade visceral (IAV) sobre EMI-C. Os dados foram estratificados por sexo e analisados por meio de regressões linear e logística multivariadas. Foi adotado nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Participantes com EMI-C acima do P75 mostraram maior frequência de adiposidade abdominal (homens acima de 72% e mulheres acima de 66%) em comparação aos participantes com EMI-C abaixo do P75. A adiposidade abdominal foi associada com a média da EMI-C, principalmente por meio da CC entre homens (0,04 IC95%: 0,033; 0,058). A adiposidade abdominal identificada pelos indicadores CC, RCQ, LAP e IAV entre as mulheres mostrou efeito de 0,02 mm sobre a EMI-C (CC: 0,025 IC95%: 0,016; 0,035; RCQ: 0,026 IC95%: 0,016; 0,035; LAP: 0,024 IC95%: 0,014; 0,034; IAV: 0,020 IC95%: 0,010; 0,031). Na regressão logística múltipla a adiposidade abdominal diagnosticada pela CC mostrou importante efeito sobre a EMI-C em ambos os sexos (homens: OR = 1,47; IC95%: 1,22-1,77; mulheres: OR = 1,38; IC95%: 1,17-1,64). Conclusão: A adiposidade abdominal, identificada por meio da CC, RCQ, LAP e IAV, foi associada à EMI-C em ambos os sexos, com destaque para o tradicional indicador antropométrico CC.

Age at first childbirth and newly diagnosed diabetes among postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional analysis of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE:: It has been reported that earlier age at first childbirth may increase the risk of adult-onset diabetes among postmenopausal women, a novel finding with important public health implications. To date, however, no known studies have attempted to replicate this finding. We aimed to test the hypothesis that age at first childbirth is associated with the risk of adult-onset diabetes among postmenopausal women. DESIGN AND SETTING:: Cross-sectional analysis using baseline data from 2919 middle-aged and elderly postmenopausal women in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). METHODS:: Age at first childbirth was determined from self-reporting and newly diagnosed diabetes through a 2-hour 75-g oral glucose tolerance test and/or glycated hemoglobin. Logistic regression was performed to examine associations between age at first childbirth and newly diagnosed diabetes among postmenopausal women. RESULTS:: We did not find any association between age at first childbirth and diabetes, either when minimally adjusted for age, race and study center (odds ratio, OR [95% confidence interval, CI]: ≤ 19 years: 1.15 [0.82-1.59], 20-24 years: 0.90 [0.66-1.23] and ≥ 30 years: 0.86 [0.63-1.17] versus 25-29 years; P = 0.36) or when fully adjusted for childhood and adult factors (OR [95% CI]: ≤ 19 years: 0.95 [0.67-1.34], 20-24 years: 0.78 [0.56-1.07] and ≥ 30 years: 0.84 [0.61-1.16] versus 25-29 years; P = 0.40). CONCLUSION:: Our current analysis does not support the existence of an association between age at first childbirth and adult-onset diabetes among postmenopausal women, which had been reported previously.

Age at first childbirth and newly diagnosed diabetes among postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional analysis of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) / Idade no primeiro parto e diabetes recentemente diagnosticada em mulheres pós-menopáusicas: uma análise transversal do Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil)

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: It has been reported that earlier age at first childbirth may increase the risk of adult-onset diabetes among postmenopausal women, a novel finding with important public health implications. To date, however, no known studies have attempted to replicate this finding. We aimed to test the hypothesis that age at first childbirth is associated with the risk of adult-onset diabetes among postmenopausal women. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional analysis using baseline data from 2919 middle-aged and elderly postmenopausal women in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). METHODS: Age at first childbirth was determined from self-reporting and newly diagnosed diabetes through a 2-hour 75-g oral glucose tolerance test and/or glycated hemoglobin. Logistic regression was performed to examine associations between age at first childbirth and newly diagnosed diabetes among postmenopausal women. RESULTS: We did not find any association between age at first childbirth and diabetes, either when minimally adjusted for age, race and study center (odds ratio, OR [95% confidence interval, CI]: ≤ 19 years: 1.15 [0.82-1.59], 20-24 years: 0.90 [0.66-1.23] and ≥ 30 years: 0.86 [0.63-1.17] versus 25-29 years; P = 0.36) or when fully adjusted for childhood and adult factors (OR [95% CI]: ≤ 19 years: 0.95 [0.67-1.34], 20-24 years: 0.78 [0.56-1.07] and ≥ 30 years: 0.84 [0.61-1.16] versus 25-29 years; P = 0.40). CONCLUSION: Our current analysis does not support the existence of an association between age at first childbirth and adult-onset diabetes among postmenopausal women, which had been reported previously.

RESUMO CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Foi relatado que idade mais precoce no primeiro parto pode aumentar o risco do diabetes de início adulto entre mulheres na menopausa, um novo achado com implicações de saúde pública importantes. Até então, no entanto, nenhum estudo conhecido tentou replicar esta descoberta. Objetivou-se testar a hipótese de que a idade no primeiro parto está associada ao risco de diabetes de início na vida adulta em mulheres pós-menopáusicas. DESENHO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Análise transversal utilizando dados de base de 2.919 mulheres pós-menopáusicas de meia-idade e idosas no Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil). MÉTODOS: A idade no primeiro parto foi determinada por autorrelato e diabetes recentemente diagnosticado por um teste de tolerância à glicose oral de 2 horas com 75 g e/ou hemoglobina glicada. A regressão logística foi realizada para examinar associações entre idade no primeiro parto e diabetes recentemente diagnosticada entre mulheres pós-menopáusicas. RESULTADOS: Não encontramos associação entre idade no primeiro parto e diabetes, quando ajustados minimamente para idade, raça e centro de estudo (odds ratio, OR [intervalo de confiança, IC 95%]: ≤ 19 anos: 1,15 [0,82-1,59], 20-24 anos: 0,90 [0,66-1,23], ≥ 30 anos: 0,86 [0,63-1,17] versus 25-29 anos, P = 0,36) ou quando totalmente ajustados para fatores infantis e adultos (OR [IC 95%]: ≤ 19 anos: 0,95 [0,67-1,34], 20-24 anos: 0,78 [0,56-1,07], ≥ 30 anos: 0,84 [0,61-1,16] versus 25-29 anos, P = 0,40). CONCLUSÃO: Nossa análise atual não apoia uma associação entre a idade no primeiro parto e o diabetes de início na vida adulta entre mulheres pós-menopáusicas, como relatado anteriormente.

Artificially Sweetened Beverage Consumption Is Positively Associated with Newly Diagnosed Diabetes in Normal-Weight but Not in Overweight or Obese Brazilian Adults.

BACKGROUND: Recent animal studies suggest that artificially sweetened beverage (ASB) consumption increases diabetes risk. OBJECTIVE: We examined the relation of ASB intake with newly diagnosed diabetes and measures of glucose homeostasis in a large Brazilian cohort of adults. METHODS: We used cross-sectional data from 12,884 participants from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). ASB use was assessed by questionnaire and newly diagnosed diabetes by a 2-h 75-g oral glucose tolerance test and/or glycated hemoglobin. Logistic and linear regression analyses were performed to examine the association of ASB consumption with diabetes and continuous measures of glucose homeostasis, respectively. RESULTS: Although ASB consumption was not associated with diabetes in logistic regression analyses after adjustment for body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)) overall, the association varied across BMI categories (P-interaction = 0.04). Among those with a BMI <25, we found a 15% increase in the adjusted odds of diabetes for each increase in the frequency of ASB consumption per day (P = 0.001); compared with nonusers, ASB users presented monotonic increases in the adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of diabetes with increased frequency of consumption: 1.03 (0.60, 1.77), 1.43 (0.93, 2.20), 1.62 (1.08, 2.44), and 2.51 (1.40, 4.50) for infrequent, 1-2, 3-4, and >4 times/d, respectively. In linear regression analyses, among normal-weight individuals, greater ASB consumption was also associated with increased fasting glucose concentrations (P = 0.01) and poorer ß-cell function (P = 0.009). No such associations were seen for those with BMI ≥25. In fact, in overweight or obese participants, greater ASB consumption was significantly associated with improved indexes of insulin resistance and 2-h postload glucose. CONCLUSIONS: Normal-weight, but not excess-weight, individuals with greater ASB consumption presented diabetes more frequently and had higher fasting glucose and poorer ß-cell function.